Index
"A" Xiaozu, 41-3
aboriginal people, Taiwanese, 223, 227, 243, 251
Adam, J.R., 253-4
administration, 27, 102
adoption, 182, 215, 269-70, 272
affinal kin, 5, 8, 14, 48-9, 52, 57-8, 60-2, 64, 66, 71,
73, 82, 86-9, 221
Africa, research in, 275-81, 288, 290
African Political Systems
,
276
African Systems of Kinship and Marriage
,
276
age grades, 5
axes, geographical, 99
agnates, 21, 24, 71, 82-3, 89, 160, 267, 270
agriculture, 29, 81, 93, 196, 245, 250, 277-8
Ahern, E., 49-50, 63-64, 134, 155-6, 238, 285
Akamatsu Chijo, 6
Akiba Takashi, 6
Akiyama Yoshiteru, 22
altars, 111, 169, 174
ambilateral kinship, 14, 210, 218, 221-4
America, Chinese in, 76
American Anthropological Association, 289-90
Ami, 205, 221, 227-8, 231, 237, 241-4, 246
Amiduofo, 169
Amur River, 6
An clan, 250
Analects of Confucius
,
82
ancestors, 8, 14, 52, 56, 71-3, 82, 89, 91-2, 96, 98, 100, 108-9,
113, 119, 156, 158, 163, 176-9, 183-4, 197, 203, 211, 217, 219-20,
225, 230-1, 234-9, 241-2, 244, 256, 261, 263, 268, 271-2, 280, 288
ancestors, tombs of 76, 96-7
ancestral halls, 14, 72-4, 76, 108, 110-2, 114-5, 117, 184,
196-8, 210, 238, 261, 263
ancestral tablets, 98, 102, 111, 113, 158, 184, 187-8, 203,
212-3, 215-6, 218-20, 223, 230, 234-41
Ando Kiichirou, 4
ang-pau
,
57, 58, 66,
angpao
,
159
Anhui Province, 10, 72-3, 75, 82, 90, 102, 191, 195, 262
Anshun Mission Station, 253
Anshun, 253-5, 258
Anti-Japanese war, 36, 290
archaeology, 6, 8
Anti-Rightist Campaign, 290
Arrow Affair, 248
Asano Haruji, 8
Ashanti, 279
associations, 105-18
Atayal, 4, 246
Au Choy (Ke Cai) Clansmen Association, 115
Au Choy Clansmen Association, 114
Au Ou Au-Yeung Clansmen Association, 114
au-thau-chhu
,
50, 57, 62-3, 65
ba-gua
(eight trigrams), 132
ba-zi
,
131
Baba Chinese, 179
babies, tablets for, 237
Babuza, 246
Bahasa Malaysia, 156, 179
Bai, 15, 251, 264
Baiyue, 201, 203
Baker, Hugh, 112, 116, 156, 283-4
Ballew, Tad, 291
Ban Yutaka, 6
Ban-sui, 140
Bandi, 255, 260-1
banquet, marriage, 53, 87
Bao xi
,
84
bao
(reciprocity), 20
bao miao
,
102
Barber,
Karen, 280
Basai, 226-7
Beattie,
J.,
72, 275
Beer, C., 278
Beijing, 9, 72, 118; treaty of, 254
Berkeley, University of California at, 283
betrothal, 52
Bible, and minority languages, 260
Bido, 159
Big Dipper, 268
big men, 26-27
bilateral kinship, 14, 221-5, 230-3, 239-42, 244-6
birth, 55, 84; control, 197
Black Yi, 250-1
blessing rice, 84
bo-ku
,
56, 58
bo-ku-lian
,
56
boats, and Ong-ia, 141
body-building contests, 290
Boluo, 191-2
Bon ritual, 11
Bond, M.H., 21
bone and blood, 96
Book of the Dead, 99
botanists, 7
Boxer Rebellion, 253
branch temples, 148-9, 153
bride, 50, 52-3, 272
brigade, 89
brothers, 50, 52, 104, 157
brothers-in-law, relations between, 62
Brownell, S., 290-1
Bu, 250
Buck, J., 281
Buddha, 56, 169
Buddhism, 76, 156, 176, 263
building sites, migrant labour and, 103
Bunun, 4, 246
bureaucratic ethics, Chinese, 200
burial, 101, 131, 170, 172-3
Burman tribes, 201
business, 14, 18, 24, 65, 75, 81, 89, 111
cadres, 77, 79, 90, 131, 289
Cai surname, 115
Canada, 108, 113-4
Cantonese, 25-6, 117, 201, 203, 267
Cao Congpo, 47
Cao surname, 115
Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant
,
283
capital, 78, 287
cash crops, 221, 278
Catholic Church, 230, 236, 240
cemetery, 158, 172, 174
census, Chinese, 182
Center for Area Studies of Keio University, 13
Central China
,
9
Ch'ing Dynasty, see Qing Dynasty
cha-bo-gin-a-sun
,
58
Chai, 142, 155
Changting, 195
Chao-zhou (Chaozhou, Teochiu), 11, 114-5, 117, 157, 159,
169, 177-80, 191, 195-6, 199-200
Chap-ji Ong-ia, 143
Chap-ji-ni tat-ni Un-ong, 142
charms, destruction of, 257
Chekiang, 150
chemical fertiliser, 93
Chen Chi-nan, 18-19, 21
Chen Clan Academy, 112
Chen Village
,
285
cheng-huang
,
99, 102
Chengfeng District, 31
Chew Lun Clansman Association, 116-7
Chhian-sui, 140
chhin
,
64
chhin-chhek
,
64, 66
Chhin-chok
,
48, 66
chhoa-lo-ke
,
54
Chia, 157
Chia-yi, 148-9, 151
Chiang Kham District, 266
Chiang Mai University, 273
Chiang Mai, 265
Chiang Rai Province, 265-6
Chiao Chien, 223
chicken and egg production, 103
chickens, guiding, 54
chiefs, African traditional, 278-9
China Inland Mission, 253, 256-7
China, Central, 12, 14; Central and Southern, 10; language,
156, 178, 246; North East, 2, 26; Northern, 2,3,12; People's Republic,
12, 32; religious policy, 259; research in, 281-4; Southeast China,
12, 105, 192; Southern, 7, 12, 203, 265; Southwest China,
2, 7, 10-2, 182-3, 248, 251
Chinese, in Singapore, 283; in Taiwan, 228; infiltration of, 210;
registration of, 246
Chinese-Japanese, 26
chio
(cosmic renewal) rite, 140-1, 148-9, 153
cho'-sian
("ancestors"), 136
cho-au-thau
,
56-7
Choi Chi-cheung, 14
chong hua
system, 39
Chongming, 44
Chow (Zhou) Clansmen Association, 115-7
Chow Limkei Clansmen Associations, 110, 116-7
Christianity, 179, 211, 213, 218, 223, 234-5, 242, 248-64,
276, 280; and ancestors, 215, 220; and education, 261; and Han Chinese,
262; and Kvalan, 227, 230; and local officials, 262; and local traditions,
261; and social problems, 262; conversion to, 10,
258,
261, 264
Chu-lo-san, 148
Chua, 157
Chuang Yin-chang, 21
Chugoku Minwa no Kai (Chinese Folklore Research Group) 12-13
Chugoku Noson Kanko Chosakankokai (Chinese Rural Customs
Survey Research Group), 9
Chunghua County, 49
Chunshan County, 112
church, see Christianity
Chuugoku Tairiku Kobunka Kenkyuukai (Group for the Study
of the Ancient Culture of Mainland China), 11
citan
,
184
cities, in China, 289
Ciu (Zhao) Clansmen General Association of Hong Kong, 115
civil war, 22, 36, 87
clan, associations, 105, 109, 112; exogamy, 7; organisation,
110, 112, 118
Clarke, S.R., 251, 253
classics, Chinese, and elite worship, 178
class, social, 21-2, 281
clothes, female, 273; funeral, 164
Coastal Mountains, Taiwan, 227
coastal land, expansion of, 44
coffins, 162-4, 166-7, 169-72, 179-80; and geomancy, 131
cogon grass, 122
Cohen, A., 278-9
Cohen, M., 53, 64, 283-5
Cohen, R., 279
collective priesthood, 268, 271
collectivisation, 67, 87, 89, 90
Colombo, Bai in, 184
colonialism, and ethnology, 3; internal, 288
colonists, in Taiwan, 227
Columbia University, 284
communal land, Bai, 184
communes, 73, 89, 260; and production, 103; and welfare,
87
Communist Party, Chinese, 9, 81, 89, 261
community, 8; re-emergence of, 90
Comparative Folklore Studies
,
13
comparative studies, 12, 15
condolence, messages of, 170
Confucianism, 20, 67, 103, 121, 156, 176, 200, 256,
cong
,
84
conjugal family, 51, 55-6, 63-5
consolation money, 159, 170
construction, and
fengshui ,
133
contracts, 31-2, 37
conversion, 255-7, 280
corporate demarcation, 17
corporate features, 14
corporate group, 21
corporate property, of associations, 107
corpse, 164-7
cosmology, 92, 136, 154, 276
costume, women's, 251
cotton production, 29-31, 37-39, 42
counter-revolutionaries, and Christians, 260
courtesy, and reciprocity, 82
courting, Miao, 259
cousins, 64, 87, 210
creative power, and danger, 153
cremation, 101
Croll, E., 286
Crook, D and I, 274
cross cousins, 64
Crowder, M., 276
cult groups, 232-3, 241,
Cultural Revolution, 23-4, 74, 100-3, 121, 132-3, 197, 261,
281-2, 285-6, 290
culture, Chinese, 20, 217-8, 220, 222, 226; differences,
198; research into, 289-90; history, 11; theory, 13; and funeral rites,
159; see sinicisation
curing, 26, 223, 237, 244
Curtin, P., 279
customary law, 7
dabenqu
recitations, 183, 190
Dafeng, County, 32, 37-9, 42, 46
Dafeng Land Reclamation Company, 29-32, 36-42, 44
Dafengling Mountain, 130
Dali Baizu Zizhizhou (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture), 182
Dali Basin, 183-4, 188-9
Dali kingdoms, 183
Daliang Mountain, 128
dance, 258, 260-1
Dao-zang, 150
Daqiao, 32
Dasheng Capital Group, 32
Dasheng Spinning Mill, 31, 44
Dasongshu Church, 253
daughters, husbands of, 58; and Puyama tablets, 212; birth
of, 48, 51, 64; and memorial ritual, 58, 170, 171; significance of,
65; and residence after marriage, 210
daughters-in-law, 262
Dazhong Ji, 37
Dazhong Zheng, 29, 31, 37, 41-2
De Groot, J., 134
dead, progress of, 99; separation from, 159-62, 170
death, 50; and affinal relations, 57; euphemisms for, 99;
of women, 56; preparations for, 163-4
debt, 36, 39
decollectivisation, 67
Defeng District, 43
degree holders, 73
deification of spirits, 154
Deng Cheng-kong, 226
Deng Xiaoping, 118
Dengdui, 254
descent, 71, 92; mixed, 236; see also ancestors
dialects, Chinese, 246
dian zhu
,
102
Dianshan Township, 122, 134
Dianxia Village, 127
Dingfeng District, 36
diplomatic policy, and Chinese associations, 116
distant and near, 96
district associations, 106
divination, 210, 213, 218, 240; see also
fengshui
divorce, 104
dog meat, taboo, 198-9
donations, for temples and monuments, 59, 60, 65-6, 81
Donguang County, 113-4
Dongzhi
(winter solstice), 197
Doré, H., 150
Douglas, M., 153, 275, 276
Doulonggang, 30, 39
Dowager Empress, and foreigners, 253-4
Downer, G., 273
dowry, 52-3, 64
dragon, 122, 125-7, 130, 225
Dragon Lantern Festival, 126-8, 131, 134
drainage, 38
drama, funeral, 169
Du Wenxiu, 263
Du-mu-e, age of, 250
duan-hun-qiao
,
99
Ducheng Village, 113
Duo'e Tumu, 255
Durkheimian sociology, 5
Dutch, 226
dzip tsow
,
271
East Asian archaeology, 2
Ebrey, P., 64, 72, 291
economic aid, and gift giving, 88
economic development, 64
economic reforms, 103, 289
economic relations, 157
economic situation, and ritual practice, 177
education, 43-4, 211, 228; and Christianity, 261; and minorities,
197
ego-centred, kinship, 231, 239, 242, 244-5,
Eitel, E., 134
eldest son, 167, 171, 180
elections, 49
elementary villages, 148, 150
elites, 71, 73, 82, 89, 112, 279
Emigration and the Chinese Lineage
,
283-4
emigration, of Taiwan aborigines, 227
emperor, 99, 137, 155
Endicott, S., 286
endogamy, 210
Engels, F., 282
Ennin, 1
Ensai, 1
enterprises, 51, 75, 78, 82, 103, 283-4, 289
er gou zhuang
,
99
er shi si bai
,
80
Ertang, 255
estate, division of, 50
ethical relations, and Christianity, 262
ethnic groups, 156, 192, 225-6, 244, 276, 286-9; boundaries,
15, 191, 199-200, 266, 269; histories, 6; identity, 7, 10, 14, 118,
179, 192, 195, 197, 223, 225, 227-8, 230, 233, 243-4, 265, 270, 279,
283, 287-9; identity and ancestor worship, 177; identity a
nd
church, 262; identity and conversion, 261; identity, plural, 241-2ll;
intermarriage, 211; minorities, 6, 182, 263; relations, 191, 265;
relationships between, 191; transformation, 203
ethnohistory, 4, 11
ethnologists, and minorities, 197-8
ethnomusicology, 7
Evans-Pritchard, E.E., 275-6, 283
evil, driving away, 128
evolutionism, 4
examination, imperial, 73
exorcism, 141, 155
Experiences of Land Reform in China
,
22
extra-village links, and presentation, 88
faat
(magic
or religion), 271
faat bua
,
267
factions, 19
factory workers, 51, 278
Fadi, 253
family, altar, 14; division, 50-2, 55-6, 63-4; enterprise,
67, 289; heads, 60; loyalty, 89; organisation, 17; property, 210;
register, 66, 239; solidarity, 27; structure, 14, 17-9, 21, 48, 103,
189, 210, 245; and migration, 40, 45; changes in, 103-4
famine, 23, 255
fan jiulou
,
134
Fan-shen
,
22
Fana
(Taiwanese), 243
Fang surname, 114-5
fang
(branch), 18, 72, 198
farmers, immigrant, 30, 44
fashi
,
197
father-in-law, 59, 63
father-son relations, 273
Fei Xiao-Tung (Hsiao-T'ung), 17, 19-20, 49, 275-6, 281, 286
female costume, 192
female labor, importance of, 189
female, ritual status, 272
fen chan
(tomb property), 97-8
fen hui
("tomb meeting"), 97, 100
fen-lei
,
20-23
fendazi
,
97, 100
Feng-shen yan-yi
,
151
Fenghuangshan Mountain, and She origin, 195-6
Fengli, 32
fengshui
,
92, 97-8, 101, 120-35, 261, 265
fertility, 141
festivals, 8, 71, 140-1, 143, 145, 148-50, 153
Feuchtwang, S. 134
feudal lords, analogy with gods, 140
fictive kin, 8, 14, 43, 45
filial piety, 87
financial help, and affines, 88
First Qin Emperor, 71
Firth, Sir. R., 283
fishing, 8, 157, 164, 228
fission, 18
Fitzgerald, C.P., 184
flags,172
Flood, story of, 250
flooding, 30, 38, 149
folk songs, 201
folk-biology, 269
Fong (Fang) Clansmen Association of Hong Kong, 115
Fongping Xiang, 227
food offerings, and funerals, 170
Forde, D., 275-6
foreigners, empress and, 254
Fortes, M., 275-6, 283
foster parents, 215
Freedman, M., 14, 50, 83, 109, 112, 118, 133-5, 198, 283
Freeman, D., 246
French structuralism, 13
Fried, M., 248
friendships, 24
frontier, Han-Chinese, 189
Fu-de Zheng-shen, 137
Fufeng District, 31, 43
Fujian (Fukien), dialect, 51, 154; immigrants, 8, 137, 143,
226; people, 246; Province, 79, 82, 117, 128, 136, 141-2, 191-2, 195,
199-200, 282; temples, 138
Fukuda Ajio, 9, 134
Fukutake Tadashi, 9, 14
Fuming Zheng, 42
functionalism, 19, 275-6
fund-raising, temple, 59
funerals, 49-50, 156-81 band, 161, 167-9, 180; expense of
86-7; procedure of, 167; cult, 244; music, 59; mother's brother's
role, 85; practices, changes in, 102; procession, 162, 171-2; rite,
57, 92, 237; rites, 156; and world of shades, 100; as rite of pa
ssage,
176; of women, 56
Funing, 44
Furuno Kiyoto, 5
fusion, 18
fut-kywey bua
,
267
gaitu guiliu
,
251
Gallin, B., 49, 64, 285
Gamble, S., 281
gan qing
,
43, 45
gan-zhi
,
126
Gang of Four, 260
Gansu Province, 67, 90
Gaoxin, 203
garrison troops, in Bai history, 189
gates, senior and junior, 96
Gebu, 253, 255-8
Gee Tuck Associations, 115, 117
Gelao, 250-1
genealogies, 18-9, 25, 72-4, 77, 81, 93, 96, 101, 179, 202-3,
231, 265,
generation, 64; depth in tablets, 216, 218, 221; poem, 74-5,
96-7; naming system, 72-3
genetic ideology, folk, 54
geomancy, 92, 98-99, 101, 120-35
ghost marriage, 52, 66
ghosts, 136, 148, 150, 152, 154, 237
gia-ong
,
137, 141
gift giving, 85-8
Gluckman, M., 275
goa-ke
,
50
goa-seng
,
58
God, 256
god, analogies with officials, 153-4
gods, 148, 271; and ancestors, 158, 177; creation of, 150,
154; in Taiwan, 136-55
Goody, J., 53, 64, 275, 283
Goutouzu
,
198
gouzokushi,
112, 119
government officials, and minorities, 197; and Ong-ia, 137, 141,
142, 145, 150, 152, 154-5,
graduate students, 15
grain procurement, 289
grand theory, 13
grave fields, 82
grave sites, 73, 96, 99-101, 109, 111, 126, 130, 235
Great Leap Forward, 100
Great Xing-an Mountains, 6
group formation, 20, 24
group tours, 109
gu-xue
,
96
Guan ancestor, 115
Guandi, 197
Guang (surname), 114
Guangdong (Kwangtung), 50, 67, 73, 90, 107, 119, 136, 184,
191-2, 195-7, 201, 265, 282, 285; dialects, 115; Institute of for
the Study of Chinese Nationalities, 198; people, 246; Province, 22,
110, 112-3, 116-8, 128, 157; migrants from, 106, 114; temples i
n,
138
Guangxi, 201, 265
Guangzhou City, 112-3, 116
guanxi
,
24, 289
Guanxiongguo, 256
Guanyu
,
98
guardian spirits, 268, 270
Guasua Sub-District, 157
guest room, 158, 169, 172-3
gui jie
,
76
gui ju
("ghost play"), 134
gui
,
179
guifang
("demon's region"), 250
Guiqi, 192
Guizhou, 248, 250-1, 254-5, 260, 265
guizon
[guizong ], 187
Guldin, G., 281-2, 287, 290
guoji
guonian
,
213
Guoye
,
179
gyaa thay
,
266
gyaa tsaeq
,
266
Haicheng County, 92, 97
Haifeng, 191-2, 5
Haimen County, 30-2, 36-8, 40-4, 46
Hakka 8, 10, 26, 117, 192, 198-203, 228, 237, 239, 246; dialects,
199-200; and Chinese culture, 201; distribution, 195; in Hong Kong,
25; influence on She, 195, 200, 202
Han Min, 10, 64, 85, 96, 102, 262, 286, 288
Han Chinese, 2, 8, 14-5, 122, 131, 192, 197-8, 202-3, 225,
228, 230, 243, 248, 252, 256, 263, 265; and Bai, 183, 264; cosmology,
136, 150, 152, 154; culture, 184, 192, 196, 200-1, 203, 226; dialects,
192; expansion of, 189; kinship, variations in, 182; and
minorities, 13; religious life, 197, 207; marriage, 188; research
on, 286; studies of, 7; surnames 270; theatre, 10; see also sinicisation
Han River, 196
han lao bao shou
,
92
hanhua
,
200
hao
,
184
Harayama Akira, 6
hare, links with moon, 98
Hart, Keith, 278
Harvard University, 284
Hasegawa Kyoshi, 7
Hatanaka Sachiko, 6
Hayashi Megumi, 9
headhunting, 211
heaven and earth, interaction of, 120
Heaven, 153-4
Heavenly King, 250
Hebei, 72
Heiho-zoku
(Plains
peoples), 243
Henan Province, 71-2, 75
Heng, 250
heng-ho-su
,
52, 63
Hengfeng District, 31
Hepburn, 154
Hezhang, 255
hierarchy, 24-5, 96
hill tribes, in East Asia, 202
Hill, P., 277-8
Hindus, 156, 179
Hinton, W., 22, 274
Hmong, 250
ho tiu
,
60, 66
Hoa-lien Prefecture, 227
Hoanya, 246
hoat-su
,
148
Hode (She), 192
Hodgen, 6
Hoiping Lowkong Clansmen Association, 117
Hoiping Yu Leung District Association, 107
Hoiping Zeng Kiu District Association, 107
Hokkien, 179
Hoklao, 25
Hong Kong, 3, 10-3, 28, 49, 64, 76, 105, 107-13, 115-7, 156,
177, 282-5; Bai in 184;
fengshui
in, 121; research in, 274, 282-5
Hong Kong Au Choy Clansmen Association, 106
Hong Kong Bolo District Association, 107, 116-7
Hong Kong Chew Lun Clansmen Association, 114, 116
Hong Kong Gee Tuck General Association, 106, 114
Hong Kong Hoi Ping Fong's Mutual Aid Association, 114
Hong Kong Hoiping Lowkong Clansmen Association, 107
Hong Kong Kwan (Guan) Clansmen Association, 115
Hong Kong Lau (Liu) Clansmen Association, 115
Hong Kong Ng (Wu) Clansmen Association, 117
Hong Kong Shoo Yuen Tong Lui Fang, 114
Hong Kong To Ching Countrymen Association, 107
Hong Kong Wong Clan Association, 106
Hong Kong Zeng (Zhan) Clansmen Association, 115
Hongdong County, 72
Horie Shun'ichi, 8, 14, 66
Horigome Kenji, 134
Horton, R., 280
Hosei University, 12
house ancestors, 67, 217, 222
household, 73, 89, 158, 232; altar, 158-9, 179; Bai, 184;
composition, 277; division, and tablets, 219, 230; group, 157; Kvalan,
231; origins, of, 41; production, 76, 82, 88
houselaterality, 221
houses, 38, 40, 42, 56, 96, 130, 223
Howe, Sir G., 118
Hsieh Jih-chang, 202
Hsu, F., 183-4
Hu Huanyong, 47
Hu surname group, 107
Hua-lien Bay, 227
huafang
, 259
Huai River, 30
Huaibei Plain, 71
Huaihai Public Road, 32
Huamiao ("party-coloured Miao";), 250
Huang, C.-S., 285
Huang, P., 196, 285-6
Huang Shu-min, 286
Huang Yifeng, 47
Huangda Mountain, 125
Huangdi, Emperor, 178
Hugong Miao, 127
Hui men, 83
Hui, 263
Hui-yang County, 22, 191-2, 200
Hukken-zoku
,
246
Hunan Province, 116, 203, 265
Huomo Tumu, 255
husband, common law, 239; natal and conjugal family of, 51;
relations with wife,104
hysteria, mass, 258
identity, 11, 15, 43, 45, 71, 75-6, 81, 89, 177, 202, 287-8; see
also ethnic groups
Iikura Shohei, 13
Ikeda Toshio, 8, 49
Ikime, O., 276
Ilan Plain, 226, 238, 244
illegitimacy, 239
illness, and ancestors, 220
Imanishi Kinji, 6
immigration, 8, 25, 32, 45, 71, 118
Imperial University of Taipei, anthropology at, 4
imperial examination system, 77
imperial period, 90
incense pots, 158
incomes, 38-9
independence, in Africa, 278
India, 12
Indian Malaysians, 179
Indians, 156, 172
indirect dowry, 53
indirect rule, 276
individual, 25
individualism, 9, 21, 245
individuals, and
fengshui ,
132
Indonesia, 4
industrialisation, 41, 52
Inequality among Brothers
,
283-5
inequality, 49
informal economy, 197, 279, 289
infu
,
169
inheritance, 222, 240, 245, 277
initiation, 267, 269, 271
inmarriage, 215, 219-20
Inner Mongolia, 6, 188, 290
Ino Kanori, 4, 7, 226
inscriptions, repairing, 79
insect damage, 38
insiders and outsiders, 96
Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, 65
inter-ethnic marriage, 202, 227-8, 230-1
interdisciplinary research, 281
internal migration, 9
International African Institute, 275-6
irrigation systems, 226
Ishida Eiichiro, 13
Ishida Hiroshi, 8
Islam, 276, 280
Iwaki Kamehiko, 3
Izumi Seiichi, 6
Jankoviak, W., 290
Japan, 2, 12, 15, 21; culture, 7; defeat of, 258; study of
fengshui ,
121; tablets in, 212
Japan-China Field Research Group on the Folklore of Farming, 134
Japanese Anthropological Association, 2
Japanese anthropology, distinctive features of, 13
Japanese colonialism, 26, 150, 205, 210-11, 223
Japanese ethnological study of China, 1-16
Japanese family system, 21
Japanese Journal of Ethnology
,
5
Japanese Ministry of Education, 273
Japanese nationality, 26
Japanese Occupation, 74, 87, 228, 235, 238, 243-4, 285
Japanese politics, 26
Japanese religion, 235
Japanese religions, new, 230
Japanese Society of Ethnology, 3
Japanese sources, on Taiwan, 285
Japanese, language, 246
Jesus Christ, 254, 256, 261
ji le qiao
,
99
ji-ong
,
142
jia tang miao
,
72
jia zu
(lineage),
18
jia
,
184
Jiang, 203, 260
Jiangsu Province, 9, 29, 31, 71-2, 75
Jiangxi Province, 112, 191-2, 195
Jianyan era, 122
Jiaoxie, 32
Jie nuo wo
,
84
Jiegou church, 256
Jifeng District, 40
Jin period, 203
jin-shi
,
141
Jing Jun, 67
Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, 128
Jingpan Mountain, 126
Jingpo, and bible, 260
Jinhua City, 122, 128
jip-chhu
,
56, 58
joint-stock company, 29
Jordan, D., 52, 66, 152
Judd, E. 286, 290
Juegang, 32
Juku-ban
("ripe" aborigines), 243
Ka-chheng-lim, 51-2, 54, 56, 59, 64
Kaiping County, 106-7, 110, 112, 114-9
Kaiping Wenshi
,
115, 119
kami-dana
,
235
Kampaeng Phet, 265
Kanazeki Takeo, 8
Kandre, P., 269
Kang-xi, 137, 141-2
Kani Hiroaki, 8, 10-1, 13
Kano, 280
Kanton-zoku
,
246
Kao-hsiung, 137
Karewan Village, 227-8, 244
karomahan
,
210, 221
Kasahara Seiji, 5
Kataoka Iwao, 8
Katz, P., 155
Kawaguchi Ekai, 6
Kawamura Tadao, 4
Kawasaki Yuzo, 11
ke
,
55
Keelon, 226
Keio University, 12-3
Kelliher, D., 286
keng-chau
,
55, 63
Ketangalan, 246
khoy gyaaw say
,
268, 270
kia-sai
,
58, 62
Kim Kwang-ok, 67
Kimishima Hisako, 11
King, 20
kinship, 14, 90. 97, 105, 182, 184, 210, 222, 231, 276-8,
287-8, 291; see also family, lineage
Kikuchi Hideako, 14
Klang Meng
,
254
knaswani
knitwear and clothes production, 103
ko'
,
149
Ko-ma-kiong, 59
ko-pang
,
57
Koizumi Tetsu, 4
Kokubu Naoichi, 8
Konagaya Yuki, 6
Kong lineage, 67
kongte
(funeral drama), 159, 161-2, 167-71
Korea, 2, 12, 15; tablets in, 212; kinship system., 222; and geomancy,
120; and bible, 260
Koxinga, 142-3
Kuala Lumpur, 164, 180
Kuan'im (the Goddess of Mercy), 140
Kubo, 10-1
kui
("ghosts"), 136
Kulp, D., 50, 281
Kumasi, 277
Kunming, Bai in, 184
Kuo Min Tang (KMT), 227
Kurata Isamu, 5
Kurihara Satoshi, 7, 250
Kuril Islands, 2
Kvalan, 14, 225, 246; history of, 226; immigration, 244;
language; population, 228; ritual unit, 233
kwaa faam toy taang
(putting three lights), 267
kwaa taang
,
266, 268-9, 270-3
kwaa taang sow
,
271
kwaa taang taung
(kwaa taang chair), 267
kwaa taang tay
(candlestick), 267
Kwangtung, see Guangdong
Kwanyin
,
179
Kwong Clansmen Society, 114
kywang ong-thay
,
267
labour, 31, 39, 49, 88-9
Lampang, 265
Lan, 196-7, 203
Land of Happiness, 99
land, 38, 42, 88, 96, 256; exhaustion, 93; holding, 71, 276-8;
pledges, 36-7; prices, 37; reclamation, 29-31, 38, 44; reform, 22,
32, 72, 90, 98, 100, 103; struggle over, 39; and uxorilocal marriage,
189
landowners, 22-3, 40, 100, 250
language, 156, 178, 228, 246; and immigrants, 43
Lanlongqiao, 254
lanterns, 56
lantou
,
39
Lanxi City, 122
lao liu fang
,
72
lao san zhi
,
94
lao zu fen
(the tombs of the old ancestors), 97
laomen,
96
Laos, 265
Laoyeguan, shrine, 197
Laozhuangzi Village, 72, 74, 75, 77, 80
Lau-zu Ong-ia, 143
laurisilvea
culture, 7
Law, R., 279
Leach, Sir E., 183-4
"Learn from Da Zhai" campaign, 100
left, as superior position, 57
Lei surname, 114, 196, 197, 203
Leiden, 4
Lemo, inheritance, 188
Lemoine, J., 265, 268
Lenin, V.I., 282, 287
Li Ji'an, 258
Li lineage, 67-91, 196, 239, 260
Li Matai, 254
Li Qing, 72, 74
Li Xian-zhi, 75-6
Li Yao-ba, 77, 81
li
(propriety), 20
li shang wang lai,
82
Lian, 142
Liang Shu-ming, 20
Lianxi
shuyuan ,
117
Lianxi zhou gong ci
,
110
Liaodong peninsular, 2
Liaoning Province, 92
Liberation, 36, 44, 72, 82, 84, 86, 89, 122, 182, 188, 196,
198, 260
Lienhardt, G., 275
Lijialou, 67-91
Lijiangkeng, 196-7
Lin Yaohua (Yueh-hwa), 281
lin di
,
73
Lin, 157, 238-9
lin-tiu
,
59, 64
Lineage organization in Southeastern China
,
283
lineage (
zong
zu ), 14, 18-9, 27, 81-2, 103, 283-5, 287-8; affiliation, 187;
affinal networks, 10; and village solidarity, 9; associations 106-9;
Bai, 184; graveyards, 72, 96; Hakka, 201; honour, 86; land, 8; Liu
village, 96; mausoleum, 97; migration of, 46; New Territories, 10;
organisation, 45, 89, 189; property, control of, 73; records, preservation
of, 101; and ritual, 177; structure, 102; studies, 275, 276; trust,
8
Lishui City, 128, 134
Lishui dialect, 132
Lisu, and bible, 260
Litzinger, R., 290
Liu Housheng, 47
Liu ancestor, 115
Liu Chengxun, 97
Liu genealogy, 93
Liu lineage, 93-4
Liu Village, 92, 96
Liu Yabo, 255
Liujia, 32
Liujiagou, 93
lizu
,
96
Lloyd, P., 277
loans, 49
local dialect, in research, 8
Lombard, S., 271
London School of Economics, 283
loneliness, and Christianity, 262
long-jie
,
127, 134
long-mai
("dragon veins"), 120, 126, 261
longleng
,
180
Longxi, 90
Longyan, 195, 200
Lougang
xiang ,
107-9
loushi gui
("mud snail demon"), 250
Lower Yangzi River, lineages, 72
Lowkong (Lougang) Clansmen Association., 107-8
Lu clan, 157, 250
Lubeck, P., 280
Lugard, Lord, 275-6
lunar calendar, 71
Lung Kong Association, 114-6
Luo Xianglin, 195, 201-2
Luo Danyili, 255
Luo Yabo, 254
Luo Zhufeng, 262
luo-pan
,
121
Luo-yi mountain, 250
Luoyuan, 192
Lusi, 32
Ma lineage, 73
Ma Xin-guang, 74
Ma-cho' (The Empress of Heaven), 140, 145
Ma-ming-san, 143, 148-9, 151-3
Ma-toh, 152
Ma-tsu, 155
Mabuchi Satoru, 5
Mabuchi Toichi, 3-5, 223, 226, 240, 246
Macau, 108
macro-level political processes, 15
Mae Yao District, 266
Maejima Shinji, 140-2, 150, 155,
magicians, 141-2, 257
Magu, 255
Makatao, 228
Makino Tatsumi, 6, 119
malaria
Malaya, 106, 283
Malays, 156-7
Malaysia, 11, 26, 156, 177
Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), 157, 172
male costumes, 192
Malinowski, B., 275, 281
Man royal family, 6
management, 32, 39
Manchuria, Japanese occupation of, 102
Manchurian Railway Company, 14, 285
Mandarin, 246
Mao period, 74, 90
Mao Ze-dong, 86, 287
marginality, 152-4
market economy, 67, 76, 245, 289
marriage 48-50, 104, 159, 210, 230, 256, 291; alliances,
48; avoidance, Bai, 188; ceremony, 160; exchanges, 52; expenses, and
uxorilocal marriage, 189; gifts, 50, 53-5, 85; Mien, 269; restrictions,
and surnames, 118; uxorilocal, 182; variations in, 188
Marui Kenjiro, 140
Marx, K., 14, 277
Marxism, 13, 277-8, 281-2, 287
master-disciple relation, 268, 273
Masuda Fukutaro, 8
matchmaker, 53
matrilineal kin, 5, 48, 222, 277
Matsumoto Koichi, 140
Matsumoto Nobuhiro, 6
Matsuzawa Kazuko, 5
Matsuzono Makio, 8
meat, abstention from, 267
mechanisation, 88
media, 228, 290
medical services, 262
Meillassoux, C., 278
Meixian, 195, 198-200
merit making, 156, 178, 267
Miao (She), 192
Miao, 192, 251-3, 248-64; agriculture, 250; belief, 251;
Christians, 255-6, 260; executions of, 254; conversion, 257; King,
254. 156; language and customs, 255; peoples, 248; 256; script, 253;
way of life, and Christianity, 261
miao,
village
175
mid-autumn festival, 86
Mien, 265, 271-2; kinship organisation, 273; language, 267,
males, 269; pantheon, 267
migrants, Chinese, 45-7; farmers, 41; labour, 221; processes
of, 45-6; She and Hakka, 195; in Taiwan, 211; Yi, 251
Miles, D., 269, 273
millennium, 257
Min dialect, 200
Minchia, 183, 184
Ming Dynasty, 46, 71, 141, 150-1, 183, 189, 195, 250-1, 263
ming-tang
.,
120, 125
Minnan Chinese, 226, 228, 246
minor marriages, 182
minorities, 2-3, 11, 14, 191, 203, 248, 286-8
minorities policy, 192, 197, 198; contact with Han Chinese,
201; in China, 287-8; influence on Han, 202; population in Taiwan,
211
Minzoku Taiwan
(Taiwanese Folklore), 8
Mio Yuko, 8, 13
missionaries, 248, 253-4, 257, 258
mistreatment, of wife/sister, 86
mixed descent, 231, 237, 241-3
Mo, 250
mobilisation meetings, 78
modernisation, 28, 227
Mongolia, 2
monogamy, 259
Montreal, 113
monument, 77-80, 101; offerings at, 80; rebuilding, 81
morality, changes in, 103
Morgan, L.H., 282
Mori Ushinosuke, 4
Morris, S., 283
Mosher, C., 286
mother's brother, 49-50, 56, 58, 62-4, 85-7
mother-giver, role of, 66
Mountainous Compatriots, 246
mountains, and
qi,
120
mourning, 102; clothes, 164, 168-9, 173; period, 162, 173
Muang District, 266
multi-ethnic situations, 244
multi-surname associations, 106, 114, 118
multiple social identifications, 25
Murdock, G.P., 222
Musashi University, 12
musical instruments, and funerals, 169
Muslims, 156, 179, 263-4, 263
mutual aid associations, 105-19, 157, 160, 164, 166, 180
mutuha
,
220
Myrdal, J., 282
Na-zhuo Tai-zi, 151
Nadel, S, 275
Nakada Mutsuko, 10
Nakagawa Manabu, 201
Nakai Hideki, 47
Nakamura Takashi, 226
Nakane Chie, 15, 21
Nakao Katsumi, 9, 50
Nakao Sasuke, 7
names, 97, 187
Nan Province, 265-6, 273
Nangton, 32
Nanhai County, 112-3
Nanxiong, 110
Nanzhao Kingdom, 183, 264
Naoe Hiroji, 9-10
natal family, 55-7, 64, 187, 220
National Conference of
Fengshui
Researchers, 134
National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, 7, 13, 134
National Museum of Japanese History, 263
National Research Council of Thailand, 273
nationalities, in China, 285; see also minorities
native anthropologists, 21
natural environment, 120
networks, 14, 17, 19-21, 26-8, 65-6, 75, 81, 89
New Territories (Hong Kong), 25-6, 201, 282-3
New Year festival, 58, 86, 100, 114, 197, 230, 234, 251,
261
New York, associations in, 115
newspapers, funeral notices, 171
Ng (Wu) Clansmen Association, 115
Ng, 117, 157
Ngo-ni Ong-ia (Twelve Ong-ia), 141, 143-5, 148-54
Nie, Lili, 9, 92, 286, 288
Nigeria, 276
night soil, 93
Ningde, 192
Nishizawa Haruhiko, 9, 47, 288
No-su
,
250
non-unilineal descent, 5
North America, 13, 117; Chinese associations in, 114-5
North China
,
6, 9
Northern Jiangsu reclamation area, 42
northern Min dialect, 195
nuclear family, 103, 189
Numazaki Ichiro, 14
Nuo, 250
nuo
,
141
O'Brien, D.C., 280
oan-pheng
,
53
Obayashi Taryo, 7, 11
occupations, 41, 103
offerings, 159, 232, 234, 236, 242, 267,
officials, 73, 256, 287, 289
Ogawa Hiroshi, 11
Oguma Makoto, 10-1
Oi, J., 285-6, 289
Okada Yuzuru, 5, 8, 14
Okamatsu, 4
old people, welfare of, 103
Ong, 157
ong-chio
,
137, 140-1
Ong-ia, 136-7, 140-5, 150-3
Ong-kong, 140
opera, Chinese, 10, 148, 178
Opium War, 248
oracles, 155
ordination, Taoist, 268-9
organic manure, 93
Ou, 157
Oukin
,
179
Outline of the History of the She People
,
203
outsiders, marriage of, 211
overpopulation, 149
Overseas Chinese, 10-1, 13, 28, 71, 76, 89, 116, 120, 177
Oyama Hikoichi, 54
Oyo, 279
Pacific Ocean, 227
paeq fing
,
270
pahatayan
,
212
Pahhu, 192, 195-8, 203
Pai, 191
Paiwan, 246
Palilin,
230-4,
236, 241
Pan, 238
Pan-guan
,
99
Panjia, 32
paper money, 166-7, 174, 179
Papora, 246
Papua-New Guinea, 289
parents, 179, 262
Parish, W., 53, 285
partners, choice of, 52
Pasternak, B., 64
pastoralists, 276
patrilateral kinship, 8, 19, 48, 63, 156-7, 182, 188, 198,
222, 234, 239, 241, 265-6, 269-72
Patrogan, 228
patron-client relations, 289
paw tsong say
,
268
Pazeh, 246
Pearl River Delta, 106, 115
Peasant China
,
18
peasant society, 27-8, 67, 93, 278, 288-9
peddlars, Chinese, 211
Peel, J.D.Y., 277, 280
Pei Zongqian, 255
Pei-kang, 145, 149
Peipo-a
,
226
Pekinese Romanisation, 155
Penang Island, 164
Peng-hu, 137
Pengtung County, 141
Perak State, 159, 179
persecution, of Christians, 253-4, 257, 259
Phayao Province, 265-6, 273
pheng-kim
.,
52
Philippines, 108
Phitsanulok, 265
photographs, memorial, 181
piau
,
64
pigs, as marriage gifts, 54
pilgrimage, 149, 153
pin
(rice cakes), 166
Pin-yin, 155
Ping-ti ren
,
246
Ping-ti shang-pao
,
246
Ping-tung, 137
Pingbu, 191
Pingyang, 192
pioneer spirit, 43
plague, spirits of, 141-2, 145, 150-2, 154
Plains Compatriots, 246
plains, people of, 226, 246
po meng ting
.
pavillion, 99
politics, 18, 27, 71, 78, 103, 130, 276, 278-9
Pollard, S., 255-6, 261
Ponglai County, 93
population, density, 189; expansion, 46
possession, 140
post-Mao period, 74, 90
Potter, H-S., 67, 286
Potter, J., 67, 283-5
Pou-tsu, 151
Presbyterian Church, 230
procreation, 50
production, 27, 192
property, 50, 52, 63, 97, 213, 218
prophet, 257
prostrations, 80
Protestants, 261
psychological adaptation, to death, 176
pu-mo
Pu-tong-hua, 8
Pu-zi-zhen Zhen-an-gong Guan-li Wei-yuan-hui, 151
Pua, 157
public buildings, funding, 109
public security bureau, 79
Punti, 25
Punu, 192
Puyuma, 14, 203, 205, 213, 235-46
qi
,
120-1, 125, 127-8
Qian Long, Emperor, 72
Qianke (She), 192
Qiao hua, 85
Qidong County, 31-2
Qin Dynasty, 71
Qin Zhao-xiong, 290
Qing (Ching) Dynasty, 6, 44, 46, 130, 136-7, 150, 155, 210,
226-7, 243, 263,
Qingjie-Jiao
,
128, 134
Qingjie-Jiao
,
134
Qingming festival, 72, 76-7, 79-82, 97, 100, 158, 175, 235
Qinming
,
Zhongqiu , 197
qinqi, chhin-chhek
,
48
qinzu, 48
Quan-zhou, 143, 151
quasi-kinship organisations, 116
quhe
,
39
Radcliffe-Brown, A.R., 48, 275-6, 281
radical leftists, 260
rain rituals, 126-8
rainfall, 38
rang zhi tu
,
92
Rawski, E., 291
re-integration, at funerals, 176
real estate, association investments, 113
rebel minorities, 11
reciprocity, 88, 245
registration, urban and agrarian, 90
relative demarcation, 17, 19-20
relatives, 164, 166-9, 170-1, 173, 180
religion and ritual, 5, 8, 14, 10, 67, 90, 121, 156, 176,
178, 234-8, 260, 263, 280, 291
ren
(benevolence), 20
renqing
(good-will),
20
rent, 38
representatives, lineage, 72
Republican period, 44, 90
research on China, 1-16, 281-4
residence patterns, 157, 221-2, 245
responsibility system, 67, 73, 88-90, 93, 261,
revival movement, 257-8
revolutionary ideology, 103
rice 39; cultivation, 6, 39, 226-7, 254; pounders, 198-9
Richards, A., 275
rickshaws, 44
Rikavon Village, 205, 210, 223
Riskin, C., 286
rites of passage, 43, 71
rituals, 287-8; abolition of, 211; funeral, 57, 246; gifts,
54, 71, 85-8; groups, 240; houses, 210; inheritance of, 232; integration,
110; investment in, 89; knowledge, 273; masters, 268; ranking system,
266; revival, 67, 86-7, 102; She and Han, 197
river basins, Bai region, 182
rivers, and
fengshui ,
126
Rugao, 44
Rukai, 246
Ryukyu Islands, 2, 11, 120
"S" Village, population and economy of, 157
Sabak Bernam District, 157
sacrifices, 73
Sai-kang District, 51-2, 66
Saisiyat, 246
Salppawan
,
237, 239, 242, 245
Sam-kai-kong, 56
San Francisco, 290
San Tin, 284
san qing
(faam tshing ), 267
Sancang, 32
Sancha River, 254
Sandbrook, R., 279
Sang Ong-chun, 142
Sano Kenji, 13
Sanshanguowang, 197
Sanyu, 32
Sasaki Komei, 7
Sasaki Mamoru, 9
Sasaki Shiro, 6
say nam
,
271
say-tie
(masters),
270
Schein, L., 290
Second World War, 3, 5, 8, 13, 25-6, 149-50, 153, 205, 211-2,
227-8, 236, 244
See Chinben, 108
Segawa Masahisa, 10, 14, 15, 128, 134, 286
segmentation, 73, 82, 96, 285
Sei-ban
("raw" aborigines), 243
Selangor, 157
Sen'nin no kai
,
11; see also Appendix 2
Senegal, 280
Senegambia, 279
Seng-le
,
57, 66
seniority, in lineage, 97
senshu
,
180
serfs, 251
seven junior segments, 72
sexual behaviour, 259
Shaanxi Province, 90
shades, belief in, 99, 102
shaeq mien khu
,
272
shamanism, 6, 140, 215, 220
Shan Jing-zhi, 74
Shan lineage, 74
Shandong Province, 67, 75, 93, 97-8, 102, 281
Shang-ti shan-pao
,
246
Shangen Village, 128, 130-3, 135
Shanghai Bank, 40
Shanghai, 44, 254
Shangji Land Reclamation Group, 40
Shanhaijing, 256
Shanke (She), 192
Shanli, 196-7
Shanxi Province, 22, 72, 90
shao ci shi
,
77
Shaopu Mountains, 253
Shaoxing, 122
She nationality, 122, 127-8, 130, 132, 191-2, 195, 197-200
sheng-fan
,
226
Sheung Shui: A Chinese Lineage Village
,
283
Shi (Shih) Lianzhu, 192
Shi-dian-yan-jun
,
99
Shiguping, 196, 197
Shimenkan ("Stone Gateway"), church, 253-5
Shimizu Jun, 5, 14, 286
Shinsha, 228, 230, 235, 243-5
Shinshe, 225, 227, 228
ships, and Ong-ia, 150
Shiratori Kurakichi, 1-2
Shiratori Yoshio, 6, 11
Shirokogoroff, S.M., 290
Shoo Yuen Tong, 114-5
Shouyoujurin Bunkaron
,
7
Showa Period, 149
shrines, 56, 197
shu
(forgiveness), 20
shu
(longevity), 169
shu-fan
,
226
shui-long
(water dragon), 126
shui-mai
("water veins"), 126
Shuicheng, 255
Shuilingdian Temple, 126-7
Shuixi An clan, 254
shuuyuan,
119
si-ai
si-gong
(Taoist priests), 134
Siberia, 2
siblings, 64
Sichuan, 250, 255
sideline businesses, 51, 103
Sierra Leone, 279
Sijia, 32
sin
("gods"), 136
Singapore, 106, 283
single lineage villages, 198, 201
single-surname associations, 106
sinicisation, 8, 14, 182, 184, 188, 191-2, 195, 198, 200-1,
203, 205, 221-2, 225-7, 234, 236, 239-43, 246, 265, 287-8
Sino-British Joint Declaration Agreement, 118
Siraya, 228, 246
sister's son, 58, 62-4, 66
Siu, Helen F., 89-90, 286
six senior segments, 72
Skinner, G.W., 134
slash and burn cultivation, 192, 196
slaves, 251
Smaldone, J., 279
smallpox, 85, 255
snake, links with earth, 98
social, boundaries, 23; group, 25; identity, 25-6; inequality,
259; integration, and funerals, 163; memory, 67; networks, 22, 24;
relationships, and funeral rites, 159; status, 49, 53; stratification,
284-5; structure, 6, 90; social system, Chinese, 20, 21
,
25
socialist education campaign, 78, 81
socialist revolution, 67
socialist state, 89-90; and minorities, 287-8
socialist systems, in Africa, 279
sociology, in China, 281
solidarity, 28, 43
son-in-law, 58-9, 62-4, 182
Song dynasty, 110, 112, 195, 251
Song Kingdom, 71
song zhu mi
,
84, 87
sons, 48, 189, 222
Soo Yuen Benevolent Association, 114, 119
soothsayer
Sophia University, 12
soul, 92, 99-100, 246, 258
South China
,
6
South Manchuria Railway Company, 2, 14
Southeast Asia, 10, 12, 28
Southern Song Dynasty, 122
Soviet Union, 286, 289
Spanish, 226
spirits, 136, 230, 257, 267
Spring and Autumn period (770 BC - 476 BC), 71
Stalin, J., 282
standard of living, 39-40
Stanford University, 284
statistical information, 4
Stevenson, R. 276
stockholders, 40
stone monuments, as raw materials, 76
story-telling, Bai, 190
Stove God, 56
stratification, Puyama, 205
Strickmann, 265
Su County, 262
Sudan, 275
Sue Yuen Tong, 114
Suehiro Gentaro, 9
Suenari Michio, 5, 8, 10, 14, 15, 236, 238-41
Sui-shu, 140
Sun Jiashan, 47
Sung Dynasty, 265
Sung Lung-sheng, 223
Sungai Besar, 164
suo na
,
80
supernatural beings, 156
supreme god, 153
surnames, 119, 270; associations, 10, 105; groups, 41, 178
Suxian Prefecture, 262
Suyuan Jia Shu, 114
Suzuki Seiichiro, 8, 49, 142
Swatow, 196
swidden cultivation, 265
syncretism, 261
tables, at banquets, 91
tablets, ancestral, 72, 98, 111, 113, 158, 184, 187-8, 203,
212-3, 215-6, 218-20, 223, 230, 234-41; boxes of, 212, 218, 237-8
tai bao
,
76
Tai-Chung, 137
Tai-nan county, 137, 152
tai-qi
,
132
Tai-thian-sun-siu, 140, 142
Taihai Shi-cha-lu, 150
Taihoku University, 5
Tainan, 51, 57
Taipei, 8
Taishan County, 113-5
Taitung Plain, 205
Taivoan, 228
Taiwan, 2-5, 11-2, 14-5, 21, 28, 64, 76, 134, 156, 177, 205,
225-6, 228, 285; aborigines, 1-5, 7-8, 226, 246; see also Kvalan,
Puyama, etc.; central, 7; Chinese society, 54, 51, 58, 65-6, 246;
colonisation of, 7; ethnic transformation in, 203;
fengshui
in , 121; general history of, 7-8, 142; main gods in 139; minorities
in, 191; research in, 274, 285; southern, 48
Tak, 265
Takahashi Shinishi, 8
Takasago-zoku (Takasago peoples), 243, 246
Takemura Takuji, 11, 13, 202
Tam (Tan) Clansmen Association, 112-3, 116-7
Tam, 112-3
Tan, 10, 51, 107
Tanaka Issei, 10
Tang Dynasty, 1, 141, 157, 251, 264
tang hao
,
90-1
Tang, 157
Tang-ki
,
140
Tangabulan, 228
tangshongti
,
179
Taoism, 121, 128, 134, 140, 142, 150, 156, 174, 176, 198, 200,
265, 267
Taokas, 246
teetotalism, 259
Tei, 157
Teikoku Gaukushiin
,
4
television, 290-1
Telok Anson, 179
temples, committee, 148, 149, 151, 152; finance, 59-60, 66;
Ka-chheng-lim, 64; in Fukien and Guangdong, 138
tenants, 30-2, 36-40, 42, 89, 251, 258
teng
,
56-7
teng-hun
,
52
Tenghai District, 157
Tenri-kyo
(the
Laws of Nature), 230
Teochiu (Chao-zhou), 11, 114-5, 117, 157, 159, 169, 177-80, 191,
195-6, 199-200
territorial ties, 27
Tezuka Keiko, 7
Thailand, 12, 265-6; Mien of, 269
Thao, 246
The History of the Three Kingdoms
,
115
The Suyuan Monthly Magazine
,
119
Thi
n-kong
(Thi-kong), 49, 56, 137, 140
thia
,
56-8
Three Kingdoms period, 98
three senior segments, 94
Tianjin, 72; Treaty of, 254
Tianxinzhengfa
,
265
tiaogou
,
39
Tibet, 6, 263,
Tibeto-Burman languages, 183
tiger on the right, 130
Time and social structure
,
277
Tin-an-kiong, 148-53
tiu-lang
,
58
To Ching (Ducheng) Countrymen Association, 113
To Ching District Association, 117
toa-ong
temples, 137
Toapekong
,
158
Toishan Tam Kwong Yu Tong, 117
Tokyo Jinruigakkai Zasshi
,
2
Tokyo Metropolitan University, 12-3
Tokyo University, 290
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 12-3
tom mien bua, 267
tom taung faang
,
267
tom taung mien
,
267
tombs, 72, 74, 76, 96, 98, 100-1, 174, 179, 181, 261
Tong, funeral of, 159
tong-mng
,
65
tong-yang-xi
Tongde Elementary School, 43
Tongde Village, 41, 43
Tonghai Land Reclamation Company, 29, 32, 36-7, 40
Tongshan County, 72
Tongtai Bank, 30
Tongtai, 44
tongxiang
(the same district), 107
Tongxiao
,
166
Tongxing Zheng, 42
tongxing-buhun
,
188, 190
Tongzhou, 44
Torii Kimiko, 6
Torii Ryuzo, 2, 4, 6, 263
tow say
,
266
Toyota Foundation, 246
trade, 276
traditional culture continuity of, 10, 67, 156, 287-8
trawl nets, 177
trees, 97
Tribal Research Institute, 273
trousseaux, 84
Tsang, 157
tsey
,
267
tshaeq mien khu
(cancellation rite), 272
tshing kyaa ley sow
,
271
tsiep ngyey fin
g"
(the twelve surnames), 270
tsiep ngyey fing mien
(the Mien of the twelve surnames), 270
Tsou, 246
tsu pun say
,
268, 270
tsu pun say
,
270
Tsuboi Shogoro, 2
Tsuboi Yobun, 263
Tsuchida Shigeru, 246
Tsukada Shigeyuki, 7
Tsukuba Daigaku Hikaku Minzoku Kenkyukai (Tsukuba University
Comparative Folklore Study Group), 13
Tsukuba University, 13
tumaramao
,
220
tumu,
250-1, 253-4, 257-8
Tung-shih, 151
Tungus tribes, 6
Turner, V., 275
Turubiawan, 227-8, 231-4, 237-8, 241
tusi
,
250-1, 254
typhoid, 253
UBS World Report, 260
Uchida Naosaku, 114, 119
Ueda Makoto, 9, 27
Uematsu Akashi, 8
Ueno Hiroko, 8, 14, 54
Un-ong (king of plague), 150
un
,
141
un-sin
,
141
Under the Ancestors' Shadow
,
183
unilateral kindred, 224
United Kingdom, Chinese in, 284
United Methodist Mission, 253, 258
United States, 114-5
University of Nanjing, 46
University of the Sacred Heart, 12
University of Tokyo, 12-3
urbanisation, 18, 41, 278-9, 289
Utsushikawa Nenozo, 3-4, 226
uxorilocal residence, 187-9, 221, 269, 271-2
vaccination, 85
Van Gennep, A., 176
Vasay (Basay, Basai), 246
vegetable production, 284
Vietnam, 11, 15, 256
villages, 5, 27; absence of borders, 8; Chinese, 21; community,
244; integration, and funerals, 159, 163-4, 170, 172; location, 131;
chiefs, 59; Puyama, 205; shrines, 8, 159; temples, 59-60; village
temple, rebuilding, 59
villagers, role of, 173, 176
virilocal marriage, 182, 230, 245
visiting box, 84
voluntary associations, 105-18
Wainan Salt Farm, 30-1
wands, 257
Wang Weifan, 260
Wang Mingdao, 253
Wang Guolin, 260
Wang Sufei, 46
Wang Tingsheng, 260
Wang Sung-hsing, 14, 21, 66
Wang-Shi Municipality, 92
Wangmuniangniang
are,
179
Wanyao, 196
war orphans, 26
Ward, B., 283
Watanabe Yoshio, 8, 134
water management, 43
water, and
fengshui ,
120
Watson, J., 54, 105, 118, 177, 223, 283-4, 286, 291
Watson, R., 49, 53, 64, 283-6, 291
wealth, 50
weddings, 49, 58, 83, 88, 91, 177, 261, 271
Wei-tao, people of, 25
Weining, 248, 250, 255-6, 260, 263
Weller, R., 66
wen shi de
,
78
Weng surname, 115
Wesley, brothers
West Africa, parallels with, 274
West Town, 183-4
Western Han era, 250
Western Plains, Taiwan, 226
wheel of rebirth, 100
White Yi, 250-1
Whyte, M., 284
wife, and father, 58; and natal household, 271; and ritual,
213, 216
wife-givers, 49-58, 61-6
wife-takers, 49-54, 56, 58, 60-3
wild boar incident, 254, 256
Wilks, I., 279
Williams, G., 278
wind, and
fengshui ,
120
witchcraft, in Africa, 280
Wolf, A., 50, 64, 152, 155, 182, 238, 283-6
Wolf, M., 53, 285
women, and conversion, 257-262; and manual labour, 201; and
natal family, 63; as association members, 107; funerals of,
56;
position of, 10; property rights, 52; roles of, 48; status,
52
World War II, see Second World War
world of shades, and funeral rites, 92, 99-100
world views, 280
worshippers, settlements of, 148
Wu dialect, 200
Wu lineage, 108
Wu Sangui, 250-1
Wu surname, 107, 115
Wu Wen Shi-zhe, 155
wu fu
,
83, 86, 87
Wu, David, 106, 119
Wu, 117, 196, 250; publishing genealogy of, 109
Wu-meng clan, 250
Wu-sa, 250
wu-xing
,
120
Wuhan, Bai in, 184
wujue
,
75
Wulingman, 203
Wumeng, 250
Wumutou Village, location of and
fengshui ,
130
Wusa, 250
Wuyi River, 128
Xia Dynasty (c.21st - c.16th century BC), 71
Xialong Miao, 127, 131
Xian, 90
Xian-tian-gong Guan-li Wei-yuan-hui, 151
xiang sheng
,
77
xiang
,
71, 79, 90
xianghuye
,
174
Xiao County, 71, 73, 76, 78, 83, 88, 90-1, 262
Xiao Kingdom, 71
xiao qi fang
,
72
xiao-gui
,
99
Xiao-liu-qiu, 141
xiaomen
,
96
Xiapu, 192
Xie Jian, 107, 118
xie zi shang chao
,
72
xiedou
(armed conflict), 43, 45
Xietiandadi, 197
Xin-tian-pu Village, 22
xing lai wang
,
82
Xingfeng, 31; Bank, 30
Xinghua, 32
Xinguo, 192
Xinhui County, 112
Xinlongchang (Xinglongchang), 254
xiu cai
,
73
xiucai
,
97
xue
("dragon's lairs"), 120
Xuzhou, 74
ya cha shu
,
99
Yamaji Katsuhiko, 5
Yamas, the ten, 99, 142
Yami, 246
Yan Xuexi, 46
Yan-wang-yie
,
99
Yancang District, 260
Yancheng, 44
Yang Hanxian, 251, 253
Yang, C.K., 281
Yang, M.C., 281
yang-zhai
,
101
Yangon (Rangoon), Bai in, 184
Yangzi (Yangtze) river, 7, 44, 251
Yanshan, 192
Yao, 11, 125, 191-2, 203, 265, 290
Yao Enrong, 46-7
Yao (She), 192
Yao lineage, 122
Yao Village, 122, 126, 127, 130-1, 133-4
yards, 71
Yellow River, 72, 201, 251
Yen Ching-hwang, 106
Yi (Lolo) language subgroup, 183
Yi, 248, 250-1, 253-6, 260-1, 263-4
Yicang, 32
yields, 38
yin-yang
,
120
yin-zhai
,
101
Yokoyama Hiroko, 7, 15, 287
Yoruba, 277
Yoshihara Kazuo, 10, 11, 105, 108, 115
Yoshino Akira, 269, 272
Youth League, 78
yu-tai
("Rain Stage"), 127
Yuan Dynasty, 195, 250, 263
Yuanfeng District, 40
Yufeng District, 40
Yugoslavia, 289
Yuhua Land Reclamation Company, 30, 32, 39-40, 42
Yun-lin district, 137, 141, 143, 149
Yungui heights, 248
Yungui Plateau, 182-3, 253
Yunhe County, Zhejiang., 128
Yunnan, 2, 6, 182, 184, 248, 250, 253, 255, 265, 267
Zen, 11
Zeng Shicai, 7, 134
Zengcheng, 191-2
Zha, 250
Zhan ancestor, 115
Zhang Yan, 46
Zhang Baoluo, 255
Zhang Cha, 30
Zhang Duo, 74
Zhang family, 36
Zhang Jian 29-30, 40, 44, 46
Zhang lineage, 74, 142
Zhang surname group, 107
Zhang Tian-shi, the magician, 141-2
Zhang Yan, 36-7, 40, 42, 45-6
Zhang Enyao, 253
Zhangting, 199
Zhao ancestor, 115
Zhao clan, 263
zhao-qiang
,
132
Zhaobing
,
197-8
Zhaotong Mission House, 253
Zhaotong, 248-50, 255-7
Zhejiang Province, 9, 49, 121-2, 128, 191-2, 195, 200
zhen
,
71, 90
Zhen-Long, 128
zhi
,
99
zhi lu
,
102
Zhong, 197, 203
Zhongmaoyou River, 30
Zhongshan District, 263
Zhongyang Zheng, 36, 40
zhongzi
,
167, 172
Zhou Yingxi, 46-7
Zhou Fujiu, 30, 39
Zhou Lian-xi, 110, 116, 118
Zhou surname, 107, 110-1, 115-8
Zhouan Village, 128
Zhu Yuan-zhang, Emperor, 71
zi jia ren
,
82
zi
,
184
zong
,
92
zong qin hui
,
the clan association, 19
zongqinhui
,
105
Zu,
92
zu zong
,
92
zuchan
,
98
Zulou, 77
Zumu Tumu, 255
zuo zhuang hui
,
72
zuo-shou
,
135
zupu
,
96
zutu
,
197-8, 200
zuzhang
,
197
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